An essential nutrient required for a myriad of functions, choline should be part of a well-rounded diet. Studies indicate that only about 10% of Americans consume enough dietary choline.[39]
Additionally, endurance athletes, and people who regularly consume alcohol, are at risk of choline deficiency. Now is an important time to admit that you're probably among the looming majority of choline neglectors.
Benefits
Brain
Choline is classified as an essential nutrient. While it can be synthesized within the body, we only produce insufficient amounts -- and doing so compromises the structural integrity of our cells. Phosphatidylcholine helps to compose the lipid membrane of cells, and when enough free choline isn't available, your body breaks this structure down to obtain the compound.
This is an interesting and vicious example of biological self-immolation -- a process that favors short-term performance at the behest of compromised long-term health. Supplementing choline into your diet may circumnavigate this issue. In other words, you can have your cake and eat it too. Below are a few benefits:
-
Improved global cognitive function
Choline is a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is implicated in memory, intelligence, and mood. Animal studies suggest that high choline intake protects the brain's ability to form and recall memories despite the progression of age. In particular, "choline-supplemented older mice performed as well as young three-month-old mice."[31] The supplemented mice were also observed to have increased communication within the hippocampus.
-
Heart health and depression
Dietary choline is an essential source of methyl groups for many biological processes. For example, one metabolite of choline is trimethylglycine, or betaine (an ingredient in many pre-workout formulations), which participates in the production of SAM-e. Deficits of SAM-e are implicated in Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart disease, depression, and more.[27,28,29]
-
Anti-inflammatory
Higher dietary intake of choline is associated with lower inflammatory markers, and reduced symptoms of allergic rhinitis.[30]
Body
Acetylcholine is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the entire body, responsible for muscle contractions. "Consumption of supplemental choline can also increase the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings, including those that cause skeletal muscle to contract," according to a study published in Pharmalogical Reviews.[35]
Unsurprisingly, intensive exercise results in a significant reduction in plasma choline levels, particularly prolonged and strenuous activity. After two hours of exercise, participants lost about 40% to 50% of free choline.
The good news is that ingesting choline pre-exercise can not only prevent this loss, but raise it above baseline for up to two hours post-exercise (2g of free choline was used in this study).[36]
In one study, individual performance was enhanced after choline supplementation compared to when the same individuals consumed a placebo.[37]
Choline sources
Many different choline formulations are available. There is a huge price disparity between certain supplements. Some are very cheap and others comparatively expensive. Naturally, you would want potency to increase along with price -- which the expensive ones certainly do -- but the real advantage of CDP-choline (expensive) over something like choline citrate (cheap) is its fanciness.
All choline precursors follow the same protocol: choline bound with some other chemical. For the cheap supplements, the choline is bound to another relatively inactive compound, so you're essentially getting just choline. But the expensive acetylcholine precursors consist of choline bound with other biologically active compounds that enhance absorption or produce other reactions that work to multiply choline's effects. Below is a list of the most common formulations. Each has its own particular benefits and detractions.
Choline bitartrate and choline citrate
These two are thrown together because they are so similar in the most important respects. Simple choline salts are cheap as dirt, but have questionable potency. Users have complained of stomach aches because of the amount consumed for desired effects, but you get what you pay for.
You may ask why these compounds are not very potent. Technically free choline, due to its polarity, would not be able to cross the blood-brain barrier. While we have a choline transport system, it's sadly inefficient and seems to decline with age.
CDP-choline
Hands down, this is the best choline source available. Multitudes of animal research and fair amounts of human research attest to the efficacy of CDP-choline, or citicoline.
Human studies have shown neuro-protective and neuro-regenerative effects
and a proven efficacy for improving the following conditions:
-
Alzheimer's disease
-
Parkinson's disease
-
Age-related memory and learning deficits
-
Stroke
-
Drug addiction
-
Glaucoma-induced ocular damage
-
Traumatic brain injury
-
Schizophrenia
CDP-choline is more expensive than bitartrate and citrate, but generally cheaper than alpha-GPC.
Alpha-GPC
A natural choline compound already swimming around your brain and derived from soy lecithin, this is probably the most bioavailable choline source, but also the most expensive. You should expect similar effects as you would with citicoline. One study found alpha-GPC more effective than citicoline for vascular dementia[15], with another showing higher plasma choline levels after alpha administration over CDP.
As you can see, alpha-GPC and CDP-choline are the two rock stars of acetylcholine precursors. Some studies suggest GPC is better, but there is just so much more research attesting to the efficacy of CDP-choline.
Other enhancers
You may notice by now that you need an acetyl to go with that lonely choline for magic to happen. That is absolutely true, and a great addition to a basic choline stack is ALCAR, or acetylcarnitine.
ALCAR
Acetyl L-carnitine is great stuff -- no argument. It's naturally produced in your body during strenuous exercise, and supplementation has dramatic effects, irrespective of its role in energy production.
-
By donating the acetyl group, ALCAR enhances acetylcholine production.
-
Both ALCAR and L-carnitine stimulate muscle production.
-
It stimulates nerve growth factor release.
-
Improves neuronal membrane fluidity (more communication).
-
Acetylcholine receptor agonist.
-
Increases the utilization of glucose, ketone bodies, and lipid substrates in the brain.
-
Improves choline uptake (thus acetylcholine synthesis).[21]
Aside from the pro-cognitive effects, ALCAR may have overall lifespan enhancing effects. Simply put, our mitochondria (powerhouse of cells) have to put up with decades of abuse, and they produce toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), or free radicals. A damaged mitochondrion is leaky and our current understanding of the aging process points many fingers toward this compromised structure. "Acetyl-L-carnitine, a high-energy mitochondrial substrate, appears to reverse many age-associated deficits in cellular function."[16]
DMAE
This compound is frequently cited as a choline precursor, but it probably has little if anything to do with acetylcholine production.[25] Rather, DMAE seems to bind with phospholipids that compose cellular membranes. Where phosphatidylcholine would be, phosphatidyl-dimethylaminoethanol now takes its place, increasing membrane permeability and antioxidant capacity.[26]
Centrophenoxine
Also known as meclofenoxate, this is basically supercharged DMAE (specifically an ester of DMAE). Though limited evidence suggests mental stimulation and memory improvement, it has beneficial phospholipid properties with little direct effects on choline or acetylcholine.
Racetams
If you are taking any of the racetam derivatives, then you probably know that the cholinergic system is involved with their effects. Many people believe this means your brain on piracetam, for example, will consume more choline than otherwise. Two studies, conducted on rats, assert that piracetam and oxiracetam reduces hippocampal acetylcholine levels.[32,33] Regardless, other animal studies suggest a synergistic effect with racetams and a choline source.[34] For many, choline and piracetam is like bacon and eggs -- it just feels right for them to keep each other company.
Consider Noopept
Although it's not technically a "racetam", Noopept is structurally very similar, and yields a piracetam-like effect, but many think it's even better.
It stacks incredibly well with choline -- you can read more on the Noopept blog post linked just above.
Choline intake
According to the Institute of Medicine, the adequate intake (AI) of choline is 425mg/day for women and 550mg/day for men. As a reference, any of the choline salts (bitartrate, citrate) are about 41% free choline. So something over 1000mg should satisfy your minimum daily requirements.
Remember that choline is present in many foods, most prominently in beef, beef liver, and eggs.
Hands down, CDP choline (citicoline) is the best choline source available.
It's difficult to determine what the optimal dose would be for cognitive function. The cholinergic system is tricky, and everyone is different. With that said, the most common dose for all choline precursors falls somewhere between 250mg to 2000mg.
None of these statements constitute medical advice. These supplements are not regulated or approved by the FDA. You should consult a medical doctor before embarking on self-treatment.
Side effects
The side effects of choline supplementation seem few, mild, and transient. As mentioned above, people occasionally complain of stomach discomfort. If you happen to have the rare genetic disorder, trimethylaminuria, consuming too much choline will make your body exude the odor of overripe fish.
References
- Alvarez, XA; Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; "Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion;" 1999
- Secades, JJ; Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; "CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review;" 1995
- Marti Masso, JF; Clinical Therapeutics; "Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease;" 1991
- Cubells, JM; Clinical Therapeutics; "Clinical trial on the use of cytidine diphosphate choline in Parkinson's disease;" 1988
- Babb, SM, et. al.; Psychopharmacology; "Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study;" 2002
- Antoni D?valos, MD, et. al.; American Heart Association; "Oral Citicoline in Acute Ischemic Stroke An Individual Patient Data Pooling Analysis of Clinical Trials;" 2002
- Lukas, SE, et. al; Psychopharmacology; "Effects of short-term citicoline treatment on acute cocaine intoxication and cardiovascular effects;" 2001
- Renshaw, PF, et. al.; Psychopharmacology; "Decreased activity of brain phospholipid metabolic enzymes in human users of cocaine and methamphetamine;" 1999
- Renshaw, PF, et. al.; Psychopharmacology; "Short-term treatment with citicoline (CDP-choline) attenuates some measures of craving in cocaine-dependent subjects: a preliminary report;" 1999
- Parisi, V, et. al.; Progress in Brain Research; "Evidence of the neuroprotective role of citicoline in glaucoma atients;" 2008
- Secades, JJ, et. al.; Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; "CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review;" 1995
- Zafonte, R.; Journal of Neurotrauma; "The citicoline brain injury treatment (COBRIT) trial: Design and methods;" 2009
- Deutsch, SI, et. al.; Clinical Neuropharmacology; "First administration of cytidine diphosphocholine and galantamine in schizophrenia: A sustained alpha7 nicotinic agonist strategy;" 2008
- De Jesus Moreno Moreno, M; Clinical Therapeutics; "Cognitive improvement in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia after treatment with the acetylcholine precursor choline alfoscerate: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial;" 2003
- Di Perri, R, et. al; Journal of International Medical Research; "A multicentre trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine versus cytosine diphosphocholine in patients with vascular dementia." 1991
- Shigenaga, MK, et. al.; PNAS; "Oxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging;" 1994
- Na?ecz, KA, et. al.; Molecular Aspects of Medicine; "Carnitine: transport and physiological functions in the brain;" 2004
- Gibson, GE, et. al.; Biochemical Pharmacology; "Studies on the metabolic pathway of the acetyl group for acetylcholine synthesis;" 1980
- Aureli, T, et. al.; Brain Research; Aging brain: Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on rat brain energy and phospholipid metabolism. A study by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy;" 1990
- Angelucci, L, et. al; Journal of Neuroscience Research; "Nerve growth factor binding in aged rat central nervous system: Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine;" 1988
- Plovesan, P, et. al.; Brain Research; "Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increases choline acetyltransferase activity and NGF levels in the CNS of adult rats following total fimbria-fornix transection;" 1994
- Precursors of acetyl groups in acetylcholine in the brain in vivo. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Biochim+Biophys+Acta.+1970+Jun%3B208(3)%3A538-40.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine as a precursor of acetylcholine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Neurochem+Res.+1990+Jun%3B15(6)%3A597-601.
- Acetyl-L-carnitine and Alzheimer's disease: pharmacological considerations beyond the cholinergic sphere. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8239306
- Is 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) indeed a precursor of brain acetylcholine? A gas chromatographic evaluation. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/850128
- On the role of intracellular physicochemistry in quantitative gene expression during aging and the effect of centrophenoxine. A review https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167494389900423
- Brain S-adenosylmethionine levels are severely decreased in Alzheimer's disease. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8752143
- Oral S-adenosylmethionine in depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2183633
- Choline and betaine in health and disease. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20446114
- Comparison of the efficacy of inhaled budesonide and oral choline in patients with allergic rhinitis. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15806211
- Zeisel, Steven; Annual Review of Nutrition; "Choline: critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults;"
- Piracetam diminishes hippocampal acetylcholine levels in rats. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Life+Sci.+1981+Mar+9%3B28(10)%3A1091-3
- Effect of oxiracetam and piracetam on central cholinergic mechanisms and active-avoidance acquisition. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3594455
- Profound effects of combining choline and piracetam on memory enhancement and cholinergic function in aged rats. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7301036
- Wurtman, RJ; Pharmacological Reviews; "Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis;" 1980 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6115400
- Spector SA, Jackman MR, Sabounjian LA, Sakas C, Landers DM, Willis VVT. Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27(5):669-73.
- Conlay LA, Wurtman RJ, Blusztajn JK, Covielia IJ, Maher TJ, Evoniuk GE; NEJM, "Decreased plasma choline concentrations in marathon runners;" 1986.
- The differential effects of meclofenoxate on memory loss in the elderly. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/329662
- Choline: an essential nutrient for public health.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19906248
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NutraBio Alpha-GPC contains 300mg ACTIVE Alpha-GPC in each capsule for increased strength and nootropic focus. It uses calcium phosphate as a carrier. -
Dec 04, 2018 YouTube Video
Primeval Labs Mega Pre BLACK Review -
Nov 30, 2018 YouTube Video
BEST Nootropic Energy Drink | SNS Focus XT Review -
Sep 10, 2018 YouTube Video
VMI Sports K-XR Pre Workout Flavor Review (Geographical Flavors?!) -
Mar 14, 2018 YouTube Video
Sparta Nutrition CogniKeto Review: Nootropic for Keto Dieters! -
Feb 19, 2018 Blog Post
DMAE: The Lesser-Known Choline
DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol) is a nootropic related to choline that may improve focus, mental clarity, and potentially memory. Question is, what dose? -
Feb 12, 2018 Blog Post
NutraBio PRE: Our Top-Rated Pre Workout Supplement
NutraBio's PRE Workout, named PRE, was recently upgraded, and now more than ever it's our #1 pre workout with no 'exotic' stimulants and no carbs! -
Oct 15, 2017 Blog Post
Keto Connect with Mike: Supplements for Keto | Episode #004
Need guidance about supplements for keto dieters? Check out Mike's 2017 Keto Connect podcast interview on "Keto for Normies" with Matt & Megha! -
Oct 09, 2017 Blog Post
Optimizing Brain Performance with Shawn Wells | Episode #002
PricePlow's second podcast was one of the best we'll have, where Shawn Wells (ZoneHalo) discussed optimizing brain performance, including nootropics -
Oct 09, 2017 YouTube Video
Optimizing Brain Performance with Shawn Wells | Podcast #2 -
Oct 06, 2017 Blog Post
Northbound’s All-Natural Blend: A Stevia-Sweetened Nootropic
Stevia-based nootropic powder! Northbound Nutrition has released a new naturally-flavored / sweetened tub of their popular nootropic supplement BLEND -
Sep 29, 2017 Blog Post
Choline Supplements: What’s the Best Form for Focus?
Choline is an essential nutrient that provides the backbone of the learning neurotransmitter acetylcholine; learn which form is best for your needs. -
Feb 07, 2017 Blog Post
Blackstone Labs Hype Extreme: Long-Lasting Pumps & Focus
Hype Extreme is a brand new stimulant free pre workout from Blackstone labs that significantly enhances pumps and focus. -
Sep 06, 2016 Blog Post
Northbound Nutrition BLEND – Cognitive Energy & Endurance
Blend from Northbound Nutrition is a clinically dosed cognition enhancing supplement perfect for work or working out. Maybe even a gaming supplement! -
Jan 06, 2016 Blog Post
Alpha GPC for Strength CONFIRMED: 600mg/day for Legs!
Alpha-GPC for strength CONFIRMED! A new study found that 600mg daily of Alpha GPC significantly improves leg strength, and possibly more! -
Nov 04, 2015 Blog Post
Best Sleep Aid Guide: Supplements, Ingredients, & Herbs
What's the Best Sleep Aid? It depends if you want a full-blown sleep aid supplement, or just a single-ingredient herb or compound. We cover it all! -
Mar 31, 2015 Blog Post
Altius Pre-Workout by Jacked Factory: Go Strong All Day Long
The Altius Pre Workout by Jacked Factory is an Amazon product that is absolutely LOADED and has tons of great reviews. We analyze the ingredients.
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Choline Price Alerts
The following price alerts are still active:
- Nov 21, 2024Natural Stacks Acetyl-Choline Brain Food 60 Vcaps dropped by 16.8% to $31.56 at Walmart
- Nov 03, 2024Nutricost CDP Choline 120 Capsules dropped by 10% to $24.37 at iHerb.com
- Sep 04, 2024The Vitamin Shoppe Choline & Inositol 100 Capsules dropped by 18.8% to $16.24 at iHerb.com
- Aug 18, 2024Nature's Way Choline & Inositol 100 Capsules dropped by 14.3% to $14.99 at AllStarHealth
- Jun 25, 2023Nature's Plus Egg Yolk Lecithin 180 Capsules dropped by 6.3% to $17.99 at AllStarHealth
- May 18, 2023NutraBio Choline Bitartrate 90 Vcaps dropped by 10% to $15.99 at NutraBio
Sign up for future Choline deals and coupons!
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Choline Reviews & Videos
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Nov 21, 2024Lou Ferrer of MacroCap Labs: Consumers Are Becoming More Knowledgeable
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Nov 20, 2024Introducing Mindvalley States: Supplements to Support Your State of Mind
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Nov 19, 2024Darin Decker Breaks Down His Take on Functional Beverages
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Nov 16, 2024Beverage Innovation with Lou Ferrer & Darin Decker at Kyowa Hakko / SSW 2024 | Episode 155
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Nov 08, 2024NNB Nutrition's Leading Trends at SupplySide West 2024: Energy, Focus, and GLP-1!
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Nov 06, 2024ProSupps Infinite Pre-Workout: High Focus, Moderate Caffeine, Maximum Performance
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Nov 06, 2024Legendary Flavor Drop: GHOST Legend V4 in Swedish Fish!
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Nov 05, 2024XPO NRG: An Industry-First Collaborative Energy Drink at SupplySide West 2024!
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Oct 23, 2024Boost Your Brain with Cognizin | Danielle Citrolo
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Oct 17, 2024What is Cognizin? | Danielle Citrolo of Kyowa Hakko USA
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Oct 16, 2024The Future of Brain Health: Cognizin Citicoline GENETIC Research | Daneille Citrolo, PricePlow 153
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Oct 15, 2024MuscleTech EuphoriQ V2: The First Enfinity Paraxanthine Pre-Workout, Now Even Better
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Oct 15, 2024Shawn Wells: Do the Work!
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Oct 14, 2024MuscleTech EuphoriQ V2: The First enfinity Paraxanthine Pre-Workout Gets a Boost
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Oct 12, 2024NNB Nutrition & the Future of GLP-1 Support: Is Dihydroberberine the Answer?
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Oct 10, 2024Building Demand for Innovation: NNB Nutrition’s Unique Approach
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Oct 09, 2024The Future of NNB Nutrition: Shawn Wells & Dustin Elliot - PricePlow 152
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Oct 03, 2024WE MADE AN ENERGY DRINK! XPO NRG Coming to SupplySide West 2024
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Sep 30, 2024ProSupps Jekyll: Your Perfect Intro to Pre-Workouts
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Sep 20, 2024A Pre-Workout Made for Walmart: MuscleTech EuphoriQ’s Boogieman Punch FDM Version
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Sep 02, 2024Historic Labs Launches FOUR Pre-Workout Supplements Featuring NNB Nutrition Ingredients
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Aug 20, 2024Centurion Labz GOD OF THUNDER: Stimulant-Based Liquid Glycerol Pre-Workout!
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Aug 15, 2024Arms Race Nutrition Harness & Daily Pump Revamped with Cognizin®
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Aug 09, 2024ABE Pump: All Black Everything’s Stim-Free Pre-Workout
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Aug 05, 2024Ghost Gamer NON-Stim TMNT Ooze is still Available on GNC's website!
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Aug 02, 2024New Flavors for X16 Limitless by Magnum Nutraceuticals is Here!
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Jun 22, 2024Hosstility AMPED: Supercharged Focus Pre-Workout with Cognizin
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Jun 06, 2024Ghost INTRA: Hydration, Aminos, and Workout Nootropics
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May 30, 2024CLUMPY Supplements? Not Anymore with NNB Nutrition FlowTech!
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May 29, 2024WICK MODE: John Wick's Cognizin Pre-Workout from Jacked Factory
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Apr 11, 2024Check this Lid Out! Karma Energy Water with Cognizin Inside
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Mar 21, 2024Expo West 2024 Trend: Experiential Drinks with Kyowa's Cognizin
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Feb 27, 2024BUM Energy Blue Snow Cone Taste Test!
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Dec 22, 2023Ryse STIM DADDY Pumps Up the Cognizin and Tyrosine!
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Nov 21, 2023Bare Performance Nutrition Strong Multivitamin: With Cognizin® Citicoline
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Nov 11, 2023GHOST, GLAXON, CELLUCOR & KYOWA: Growth of Branded Ingredients | Episode #118
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Oct 13, 2023GeniusPure: Alpha-GPC 70% and 90% STABLE from NNB Nutrition
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Oct 10, 2023Research Study: Cognizin® Citicoline Improves Memory in Older Adults
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Jul 17, 2023What is Cognizin®? Kyowa's version of the brain-boosting ingredient citicoline
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Jul 17, 2023Why does COGNIZIN® CITICOLINE give better focus?! Ben recaps the 3 main reasons we love it as an...
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Mar 22, 2023KLOUT KARMA VS MAMBA - Which Pre-Workout is for YOU?
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Mar 20, 2023LFG! Best Preworkout from Bucked Up
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Mar 14, 2023Arms Race Harness EVOLUTION Breakdown
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Mar 10, 2023New Pre-Kaged Elite Flavors: Orange Mango and Caribbean Sunrise
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Mar 08, 2023CASTLE BRAVO Pre-Workout | 450mg Caffeine from Merica Labz
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Mar 02, 2023Morphogen AlphaGen Pre-Workout: A Monster Dose of Tyrosine
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Jan 31, 2023Kaged MINDSET w/ Brian Rand & Team Kaged | Episode 081
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Jan 19, 2023Kaged Mindset Unboxing: Find your FLOW
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Dec 24, 2022NEW CORE FURY V2 | Core Nutritionals Pre-Workout
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Dec 19, 2022DO IT FOR 'MERICA! The New Merica Labz F-BOMB (Fruit Cocktail!)
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Nov 08, 2022Black Magic BZRK VOODOO Fall 2022: GRIM AETHER Flavor!
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Nov 01, 2022STRAWBERRY COLADA Pumps! CORE PUMP & Colada Etymology
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Oct 31, 2022Arms Race CLARITY: Upgraded Nootropic Energy (137.5mg Caffeine)
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Apr 27, 2021Can We Build a Better Nootropic COFFEE CREAMER? Formulator's Corner #01
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Feb 18, 2021Glaxon Thermal V2 Update | Glaxon Season 2
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Jan 26, 2021Low-Caffeine Pre Workout for All Your Needs | Get RAW Nutrition Pre
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Dec 04, 2020What They Won't Tell You | Cellucor C4 Smart Energy Review
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Sep 27, 2020PEScience ALPHAMINE Review: 2020 New Formula!
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Sep 05, 2020Facelift for ANIMAL? | ANIMAL PUMP PRO Review
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Sep 02, 2020Ben Can't Handle The Sour! Ghost Energy Drink WARHEADS SOUR WATERMELON
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Sep 01, 2020ENERGY DRINK GAME CHANGER | Ghost Energy Tropical Mango Review
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Jul 21, 2020Nutrex Outlift Amped Pre Workout Review: New Look, Same High Stim Formula!
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Aug 27, 2019Nootropics for a Competitor: Brandon DaCruz Focuses While Dieting
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Aug 19, 2019CEO Level Nootropic | Cutler Cognition Review
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Mar 23, 2019NutraBio Alpha EAA Strawberry Lemon BOMB!
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Feb 15, 2019NutraBio Alpha EAA: Essential Amino Acids + Nootropics!
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Dec 04, 2018Primeval Labs Mega Pre BLACK Review
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Nov 30, 2018BEST Nootropic Energy Drink | SNS Focus XT Review
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Sep 10, 2018VMI Sports K-XR Pre Workout Flavor Review (Geographical Flavors?!)
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Mar 14, 2018Sparta Nutrition CogniKeto Review: Nootropic for Keto Dieters!
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Oct 09, 2017Optimizing Brain Performance with Shawn Wells | Podcast #2
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